Morphological Changes of the Aging Brain

During healthy aging, the brain experiences complex structural and biochemical changes, including modification in dendritic morphology, synaptic connectivity (Anderson and Rutledge, 1996), Ca2+ dysregulation (Toescu et al., 2004), gene expression (for review see Burke...

Healthy Aging

Healthy aging is accompanied by changes in cognitive and motor functions that result in impairment of activities of daily living. This process involves a number of modifications in the brain and is associated with metabolic, structural, and physiological changes; some...

CES – a Return to Wellness

CES, by reducing depression and other signs of psychologically engendered chronic stress, may well play a significant role in reducing or eliminating psychogenic inflammation. That being the case, then another mechanism for the effectiveness of CES in reducing pain...

CES Can Potentiate the Effects of Analgesics

Finally, noting that CES is apparently an effective treatment for pain, several studies have been done to assess its potential to potentiate the effects of analgesics. One anesthetist gave 90 urological patients and 30 abdominal surgery patients N2O (nitrous oxide) in...

A Summary Look at CES Studies of Insomnia

Primary insomnia as a complaint lasting for a least one month, of difficulty initiating and/or maintaining sleep or of the presence of non restorative sleep, as defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.1 The International Classification of...