The role of CES in reducing the inflammatory response has been implicated more recently by Black who has shown that repeated acute or chronic psychological stress may also initiate the inflammatory response when the brain utilizes the same efferent pathways to respond...
Known effectiveness of Cranial Electrotherapy Stimulation (CES) in mental health.1 Anxiety: 38 clinical studies of anxiety, 21 of which were double blind, showed a mean improvement of 58%, with a range of from 38% to...
Depression There is considerable controversy involving the efficacy of antidepressant medications.The controversy also involves the risk/benefit analyses of currently approved interventions For example, Time magazine recently cited Kirsch’s meta-analysis in PLoS...
CES vs. Drugs I would like to highlight various advantages of CES relative to other existing treatments, especially medications that may not be well appreciated. Take for example, the difficulty faced by primary care physicians and mental health professionals in...
Activation of Prefrontal Cortex by Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Reduces Appetite for Risk during Ambiguous Decision Making As adult humans, we are continuously faced with decisions in which proper weighing of the risk involved is critical. Excessively risky...
Earlier peer reviewers had difficulty with CES studies, because it was so new that few had heard about it.Some reviewed CES studies under the impression that they were studies using electroshock treatment. Others assumed that the small electrical current provided in...
Device: 100 Hz, 2 mS, 0.4 - 1.3 mA, electrodes from the forehead to mastoids For this single blind study, 28 male heroin addicts, between 18 and 60 years old, undergoing methadone detoxification were selected on the basis of having severe anxiety as measured by the...
Device: 30 - 40 Hz, 2 mS, 2 mA, forehead to occipital fossa electrodes 20 hospitalized pts suffering from long-lasting insomnia with anxiety, obsessive and compulsive reactions, morphine and barbiturate addiction and involutional depression were given 2 - 4 CES...
Magora, Florella, Beller, A., Aladjemoff, L., Magora, A., and Tannenbaum, J. Observations on electrically induced sleep in man. British Journal of Anesthesiology. 37:480 491, 1965. Device: 100 Hz, 10 - 100 Hz, 1 - 10 mS, 0.4 - 5 mA, square pulses, cathodes over orbits...
Device: Diastim: 350 Hz, 0.7 mS, 1 - 1.2 mA, rectangular monophasic pulses, cathodes over orbits, anodes over mastoids 21 psychiatric inpatients suffering major depressive disorders according to DSM III-R criteria were divided into 2 groups for this double-blind...